基于一致性融合和神经网络的航空发动机气路系统故障诊断方法

以信息融合为基础,运用GRNN神经网络对航空发动机气路系统进行故障诊断,提出了一种基于一致性融合和神经网络相结合的故障诊断方法。试验结果表明,该方法能快速识别航空发动机气路系统故障,并且对其他机械设备的故障诊断具有一定的参考价值。     

某型涡轴发动机起动冷转异响故障分析

针对外场某型涡轴发动机首次装直升机起动冷运转过程中,发动机有异常响声的故障现象,对发动机进行了分解检查、质量复查、原因分析和机理分析等工作,找准了故障原因,制定了预防措施,完善规范了发动机装配工艺规程,有利于预防同类故障的再发生,提高了该型航空发动机的安全性和可靠性。     

基于快速非奇异终端滑模的姿态控制技术

针对存在执行器故障与外部干扰的刚体飞行器姿态控制系统,提出一种基于快速非奇异终端滑模(NSFTSM)的姿态容错控制方法.控制方法不仅保证姿态机动过程的快速性,而且避免了传统的终端滑模面所带来的奇异性问题.采用二阶鲁棒精确微分器估计执行器故障与外部干扰,采用快速非奇异终端滑模技术设计姿态容错控制律,根据Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了方法的稳定性.稳定性分析表明,通过引入新型快速非奇异终端滑模,控制器使得闭环系统能够快速收敛到滑模面的微小邻域内,进而收敛到系统平衡点的微小邻域内,并且系统对外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性.数值仿真结果验证了方法在姿态跟踪控制中的有效性.     

存在外部干扰的网络控制系统故障检测和优化

针对存在时延和丢包的网络控制系统,研究了系统的故障检测滤波器设计和优化设计问题.通过泰勒展开将未知时延处理成外界干扰,采用伯努利随机过程来描述丢包现象.设计观测器产生残差信号,将故障检测问题转化为H∞滤波问题.通过Lyapunov函数方法分析了系统的稳定性.以线性矩阵不等式的形式给出了滤波器存在的充分条件和求解方法.为进一步提高系统对故障信号的灵敏度,采用了一种优化设计方法对故障检测系统进行了优化.最后通过仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

综合模块化航电系统FC网络的机内测试设计

针对综合模块化航电系统FC网络单元分布范围广、故障定位困难、维修效率低的问题,设计了一种机内自测试方法.在网络构建时间和通信效率的约束条件下,通过网络构建和故障检测同步进行的机制实现快速的任务前故障检测,通过实时监测和故障触发相结合实现低开销的任务中故障检测.在网络故障发生后,通过网络遍历和通信自环绕测试将故障有效地隔离至单个模块,提高检测和维修的效率.     

深度自编码观测器飞机操纵面快速故障诊断

为了避免扩展多模型自适应估计故障诊断方法中的雅克比矩阵计算,解决飞机精确模型难以获得的问题,降低在线故障诊断的计算量,提出了一种基于深度自编码观测器的飞机操纵面快速故障诊断方法.基于离线训练、在线估计的思想,采用量测的飞行数据训练得到不同故障下的飞机模型,代替扩展多模型自适应估计方法的卡尔曼滤波器进行状态估计;基于基础自编码器的隐层节点数选取经验公式,推导了两种深度自编码器的隐层节点数选取的递推公式.仿真结果表明,该方法无需精确的飞机模型,故障诊断速度快、精度高.     

基于虚拟样机技术的航空发动机放气活门机构仿真及故障分析

针对某型航空发动机放气活门机构主动摇臂的多起断裂故障,为寻找故障原因并尽可能缩短排故周期与降低排故成本.借助虚拟样机技术建立此机构的动力学仿真模型,利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS与有限元分析软件ANSYS的联合仿真分析,实现放气活门机构摇臂断裂故障再现,并找出断裂件受力的主要影响因素及其影响规律,估算各受力水平下断裂摇臂的疲劳寿命.最终,分别给出保证摇臂最低使用寿命与全寿命使用情况下的改进建议,即将摇臂与放气活门之间间隙B增大至0.273mm与0.279mm,从而为实际工程排故提供理论依据.      

结合不确定度的发动机模型辨识气路诊断

针对航空发动机气路诊断中测量参数个数小于待诊断参数个数的不适定问题,利用了发动机平衡技术,结合非线性的发动机数学模型,并综合考虑了测量参数的不确定度和理论模型部件性能的不确定度,建立了一种结合不确定度的发动机气路故障诊断辨识算法——变分加权最小二乘法,并将该算法应用于某发动机的诊断分析中.结果表明:运用该方法可分析出测量数据和模型计算数据之间的差别,同时,利用所得的故障参数修正量修正原发动机数学模型,使模型计算推力与试验测量推力最大偏差由8.25%减小到1.66%,耗油率最大偏差由6.25%减小到1.50%.      

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of a helicopter planetary gear train for carrier plate crack fault diagnosis

Planetary gear train plays a significant role in a helicopter operation and its health is of great importance for the flight safety of the helicopter. This paper investigates the effects of a planet carrier plate crack on the dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear train, and thus finds an effec-tive method to diagnose crack fault. A dynamic model is developed to analyze the torsional vibra-tion of a planetary gear train with a cracked planet carrier plate. The model takes into consideration nonlinear factors such as the time-varying meshing stiffness, gear backlash and viscous damping. Investigation of the deformation of the cracked carrier plate under static stress is performed in order to simulate the dynamic effects of the planet carrier crack on the angular displacement of car-rier posts. Validation shows good accuracy of the developed dynamic model in predicting dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear train. Fault features extracted from predictions of the model reveal the correspondence between vibration characteristic and the conditions (length and position) of a planet carrier crack clearly.     

Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.